1.3 量子计算

Changes occurring to a quantum state can be described using the language of quantum computation. Analogous to the way a classical computer is built from an electrical circuit containing wires and logic gates, a quantum computer is built from a quantum circuit containing wires and elementary quantum gates to carry around and manipulate the quantum information. In this section we describe some simple quantum gates, and present several example circuits illustrating their application, including a circuit which teleports qubits!
量子态发生的变化可以用量子计算的语言来描述。类似于经典计算机是由包含电线和逻辑门的电路构成的，量子计算机是由包含电线和基本量子门的量子电路构成的，以携带和操纵量子信息。在本节中，我们将描述一些简单的量子门，并给出几个示例电路来说明它们的应用，包括一个传送量子比特的电路!